Particle Velocity Distribution and Its Prediction in a 14 m Two-Dimensional Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Particle velocity (Vp) is investigated comprehensively in a two-dimensional circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser with a superficial gas velocity (Ug) of 5–7 m/s and a solids circulation rate (Gs) up to 500 kg/m2s which are similar to the industrial operating conditions. Results indicate that the lateral profile of Vp is nonuniform showing roughly a “core-annulus” or parabolic trend with Gs less than 300 kg/m2s, while it presents a uniform structure under relatively high solids loading conditions with Gs of 500 kg/m2s. For axial distribution of Vp, lower Vp is near the riser bottom, and it gradually increases along the riser, indicating flow development. Fluctuation of the average particle velocity along the riser is more vigorous when Gs is high up to 400 kg/m2s. Both axial and lateral particle velocities can be predicted using empirical correlations established in this work. Empirical equation to describe the relationship of Vp against solids holdup (εs) works better for low Gs. Based on the analysis, it may suggest different fluid mechanisms for low and high solids flux conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".