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Record W3123206958 · doi:10.20381/ruor-25581

Pollution Control, Competitiveness, and Border Tax Adjustment

2009· preprint· en· W3123206958 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Yazid Dissou

Bibliographic record

VenueuO Research (University of Ottawa) · 2009
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicClimate Change Policy and Economics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSubsidyEconomicsProduction (economics)WelfareDeadweight lossGeneral equilibrium theoryDomestic marketControl (management)International economicsCarbon taxPublic economicsMicroeconomicsInternational tradeMarket economyGreenhouse gas

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper explores in a general equilibrium framework the welfare and sectoral implications of an optimally designed system of border tax adjustments (BTA) on the imports of energy-intensive industries. Recently, several propositions have been made by policy makers and researchers to use BTA as a restrictive trade policy instrument to address the loss of competitiveness induced by unilateral stringent domestic pollution control policies. In this paper, we define the loss of competitiveness not as a loss of output by domestic energy-intensive producers, but instead as a loss of their market shares. We argue andwe show using the Canadian economy as illustration that the most often proposed BTA, which is based on the carbon embodiment of the import good, may under- or over-achieve the objective of addressing the competitive disadvantage of domestic energy-intensive industries. In some cases, the proposed BTA may over protect the domestic energy-intensive industries by providing implicit subsidies as they might even increase their production in the presence of carbon taxes. Similarly, the proposed BTA may fail to fully restore the competitiveness of domestic producers, vis-à-vis their foreign peers. We determine the optimal BTAs on imports that fully restore the competitiveness of domestic firms following unilateral stringent pollution control policies. The ‘optimal’ BTAs take into consideration the general equilibrium effects of the carbon tax and of the import charges on the prices of domestic goods. In most cases, the impact their impact on import prices is higher than in the previous case. As a consequence, they entail higher distortions on resource allocation in the economy and hence higher welfare cost to households. / Cette étude examine dans un cadre d'équilibre général les impacts sectoriels et l’impact sur le bien-être d'une structure optimale des ajustements des droits de douanes (ADD) sur les importations des produits à forte intensité énergétique. Plusieurs propositions ont été récemment faites dans les milieux académiques et gouvernementaux sur l’utilisation des ADD comme instrument de politique commerciale afin de réduire la perte de compétitivité liée à l’adoption unilatérale de politiques sévères de contrôle de la pollution. Dans cette étude, nous définissons la perte de compétitivité non pas comme une perte de production des industries à forte intensité énergétiques, mais plutôt comme une perte de leurs parts de marché domestiques. Nous montrons, en nous servant de l'économie canadienne comme illustration, que l’ADD le plus souvent proposé, qui est basé sur le contenu en carbone du produit importé, peut dépasser ou peut ne pas atteindre l'objectif de réduction de la perte de compétitivité. Nous montrons que dans certains cas, l’ADD proposé peut même offrir une sur-protection aux industries nationales à forte intensité énergétique en accordant des subventions implicites à la production. Nous montrons aussi que l’ADD proposé ne parvient pas à rétablir pleinement la compétitivité des producteurs nationaux, vis-à-vis de leurs homologues étrangers. Nous déterminons la structure ‘optimale’ des ADD sur les importations susceptibles de restaurer pleinement la compétitivité des entreprises nationales suite à l’adoption unilatérale de sévères politiques de contrôle de la pollution. L’ADD ‘optimal’ prend en considération les effets d'équilibre général de la taxe sur le carbone et des taxes à l'importation sur les prix des produits domestiques. Dans la plupart des cas, l'impact de leur impact sur les prix à l'importation est plus élevé que dans le cas précédent. En conséquence, elles entraînent des distorsions plus élevés sur l'allocation des ressources dans l'économie et donc des coûts plus élevés de bien-être des ménages.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.038
Threshold uncertainty score0.075

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.003
Scholarly communication0.0030.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.117
GPT teacher head0.309
Teacher spread0.192 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2009
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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