Nascent Market Capitalism Under Question: Interpretations of Success Among Makassar Entrepreneurs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Small enterprises are assumed to exist as a form of nascent market capitalism. When entrepreneurs' endogenous definitions of are taken into account, the picture becomes less clear. The degree to which ethnic specialization influences small-scale enterprise operations in Makassar, Eastern Indonesia is studied. Data were gathered on 300 small-scale entrepreneurs in Makassar between 1996 and 1997. Bugis entrepreneurs, as opposed to Makassar goldsmiths, consider ethnicity a crucial factor for networking and building trusting relationships. The recruitment of labor tends to deviate from the Western understanding of achievement. For example, social obligations, social prestige, and ritual expenditures take precedent over profit status. Results from the interviews show that family is the main source of labor. During labor shortages, this type of labor management seems to significantly benefit an enterprise. Furthermore, using family labor will decrease the reliance on less skilled workers and chances of competition from current workers. In order to compete with other enterprises, particularly for non-family workers, small-scale entrepreneurs offer incentives, welfare support, and accommodations to encourage workers to stay loyal. Due to the Bugis and Makassar peoples' preoccupation with status, a large portion of profit goes to prestige consumption, rather than reinvestment of capital into the enterprise. From an industrial perspective, the use of family labor and limited reinvestment may hinder the economic growth of an enterprise. However, entrepreneurs in the Makassar region calculate success by these factors. (NEE)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".