The Importance of Harmonious Monetary and Fiscal Policies: An Examination upon Credit Interest Rates of Banks in Turkey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High bank interest rates have been one of the main problems in certain periods for Turkey. When the development trend of interest rates is examined, it is seen that interest rates were high in the past, they decreased between 2002 and 2010, and they have been increasing after the year 2011. In order to reach low bank interest rates, monetary and fiscal policies are the main tools that can be used. Therefore, the application of monetary and fiscal policies in a harmonious way has substantial importance. Within this context, this study is prepared to evaluate the recent experience of Turkey in terms of harmonious monetary and fiscal policies. In this context, the period after 2010 is included and the period after 2016 is focused especially. Hence, recent approaches and practices in Turkey in terms of the harmonious policy are examined. As a result of the study, it is determined in the study that tight monetary policy and loose fiscal policy are applied generally in Turkey. However, monetary and fiscal policies have begun to be harmonious with the last quarter of 2018. In this context, the credit interest rate of banks has been decreasing with the last quarter of 2018 which was increasing since 2017. This shows that harmonious policies are so important that low bank interest rates cannot be reached without the practice of harmonious policies. This is the most important point that should be stated. Therefore, if it is desired to reach a low credit interest rate of banks, it is highly recommended that Turkey should always adopt harmonious monetary and fiscal policies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".