Planes, Trains and Automobiles: The Impact of the WTO `Court` on Canada in its First Ten Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Observers interested in the nature and scope of judicial policy-making traditionally focused on the extent to which domestic courts shaped national policy arrangements. With the emergence of more robust international tribunals, however, many are raising questions about the degree to which foreign judges are influencing domestic legal regimes. This project addresses one corner of this debate by analysing the impact of the WTO `court` on Canada. The legal challenges have provoked considerable controversy as the country has lost, either in whole or in part, each case brought against it. Moreover, there has been widespread public concern about these disputes as many have involved significant social issues. Yet despite the country`s successive defeats before the WTO `court`, the policy impact of the trade tribunal has been relatively modest. Contrary to suggestions, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism has not superimposed some form of neo-liberal order on the Canadian state via its judicial decision-making process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".