The E-volution of the Digital Divide in the US: A Mayhem of Competing Metrics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ‘digital divide’ between information and technology ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ in the USA has been the topic of considerable academic, journalistic, business and political discourse since the federal government published its first report on information technology inequities in 1995. This article traces the trajectory of this issue by focusing on different areas of research that are competing to shape the public policy agenda. One benchmarks computer and internet consumption patterns and argues that the divide is disappearing. The other focuses more on continuing barriers to access and use. The author’s perspective is that policy should focus at least as much on the context and content of technology use as it has thus far on the increased distribution of computing resources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.037 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.034 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.046 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".