An Effective Cold Storage Method for Stockpiling <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs for Field Surveys and Laboratory Rearing of <i>Trissolcus japonicus</i> (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An effective stockpiling method for egg masses of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) would be useful for rearing and field studies of its egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The current method of stockpiling H. halys egg masses at subzero temperatures has lethal and sublethal fitness consequences for T. japonicus. Our goal was to test the efficacy of refrigeration as an alternative method for stockpiling H. halys eggs. We show that parasitoid emergence from egg masses refrigerated at 8°C for up to two months before parasitism is higher than from frozen egg masses. In addition, 8°C cold storage usually had minimal or no sublethal fitness effects on emerging T. japonicus. Only after two months of host egg refrigeration did the emergence of T. japonicus begin to decrease significantly (by ~10% relative to untreated viable egg masses), whereas egg masses previously frozen at -80°C had a ~59% reduction in parasitoid emergence after 14 d of storage. Refrigerated egg masses that were subsequently exposed to a range of field-realistic average temperatures were still suitable for T. japonicus parasitism after 7 d. Our results demonstrate that refrigeration at 8°C, while resulting in complete mortality of H. halys embryos after 10 d, are more suitable for T. japonicus parasitism than those stored at -80°C. The quantity and quality of H. halys eggs that can be stockpiled with this method could facilitate T. japonicus laboratory colony maintenance, field monitoring, and releases.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it