Banking sector stability, efficiency, and outreach in Kenya
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although Kenya's financial system \n is by far the largest and most developed in East Africa and \n its stability has improved significantly over the past \n years, many challenges remain. This paper assesses the \n stability, efficiency, and outreach of Kenya's banking \n system, using aggregate, bank-level, and survey data. \n Banks' asset quality and liquidity positions have \n improved, making the system more resistant to shocks, and \n interest rate spreads have declined, in part due to \n reduction in the overhead costs of foreign banks. Outreach \n remains limited, but has improved in recent years, driven by \n mobile payments services in the domestic remittance market. \n Fostering a level regulatory playing field for all \n deposit-taking institutions is a key remaining challenge. \n Specifically, an effective but not overly burdensome \n framework for regulation and supervision of microfinance \n institutions and cooperatives is a priority. Maintaining an \n openness to new, and non-bank, providers of financial \n services, which has enabled the success of mobile payments, \n could also further outreach.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it