Coastal Zone Management: Resolving Climate Change Issues Through a Statutory Framework
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coastline of India is part of its valuable natural heritage that has since been severely impacted by unregulated human activities, indiscriminate urbanization and unsustainable models of development for coastal infrastructure. Climate change impacts have added to numerous causes that have left marine areas distressed and struggling for survival. Overwhelming scientific evidence suggests that undeterred by curbs on rise in global temperatures, sea levels along India’s coast has continued to rise at the rate of 1.3mm per year. India’s coastal management program is undermined by the absence of a primary legislation, the ensuing laxity in enforcement of and compliance with regulatory norms. The present legal regime denotes a clear absence of measures to protect the natural heritage of India’s coastline and coastal ecosystems. Industrial activities affecting India’s coastal areas are governed by a set of legislative instruments that are sectoral in their approach and therefore seem fragmented for a cohesive battle against climate change impacts. The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2011(CRZ) issued under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 does not provide adequate measures to protect threatened shorelines and marine areas. The delegated legislation falls short in regulating industrial activities along the coasts, monitoring unsustainable development of coastal infrastructure and preventing pollution at source. There is an undeniable need to constitute a legal regime for coastal management that in its core serves an agenda to address climate change impacts, enhanced by a mandate for adaptation programs. This paper will attempt to present an argument in favor of a statutory framework that will enhance the existing integrated coastal zone management plan in India and resolve conflicts arising out of economic, social and environmental issues encompassing coastal zone regulation. Climate change is forcing developing nations to usher in requisite legal reforms within their regulatory regimes that rise up to meet international standards for coastal and ocean governance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.028 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".