Diversity of Synthetic Approaches to Functionalized Perfluoropolyalkylether Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) are a class of fluorinated polymers having ?OCF2?, ?OCF2CF2?, and ?OCF2CF(CF3)? as common chain units. The ether linkages distinguish them from other famous fluorinated polymers such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Their higher mobility highlighted by below zero glass transition temperatures permit them to be noncrystalline, which makes them easy to use for many applications. They possess interesting tribological properties, combined with an excellent thermal and chemical stability, make them very useful as lubricants. However, after chemical modifications, they also demonstrated to be very useful in numerous applications as surfactants, electrolytes, high performance coatings, vitrimers, or microfluidic devices, to give a few examples. This Perspective aims to summarize all the chemical modifications reported on these PFPAEs to provide a new insight into their potential utility in emerging fields. Indeed, the end group can modulate the properties of PFPAE-based materials such as lubricity, superhydrophobicity, biofouling, antibacterial activity, amphiphilicity, and the ability to react further with comonomers under photochemical and thermal processes. It can also modulate their intrinsic properties such as viscosity and solubility in common organic solvents. The chemical modifications are sorted in five main parts: the condensation reactions, the nucleophilic reactions, the click chemistry reactions, the radical reactions, and finally reactions going through other mechanisms or requiring a multistep process. They can be employed as such or for further polymerization processes depending on the targeted application. Examples of applications are thoroughly described to demonstrate their current usefulness and to help provide direction for their future use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".