Debt Amongst Friends: Sympathy in Exchange and the Narration of a Transatlantic Credit Network, 1792–1837
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conversations about credit in the transatlantic world were often suffused with accounts of feelings. More than just a warm gloss on the cold calculation of commerce in both merchant and settler economies, emotional exchanges played an integral role in the maintenance of credit relationships. The letters that circulated between John Large and his network of friends, family, and commercial contacts around the Atlantic reveal the importance of sympathy to his commercial relationships. Whether trading in the Caribbean and the United States or settling in Upper Canada, Large’s economic self-interest could never be excised from the wider world of sentimental sociability. As both a creditor and debtor, his economic undertakings were as concerned with hearts and souls as they were with trading balances and investment returns. In the world of transatlantic credit networks, sympathy was a colonial relationship, exchanged in commercial arrangements according to the ideal of friendship. Large’s correspondence, therefore, sits at the crossroads where credit’s moral economies met an expanding colonial capitalism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".