Creativity and paternalistic leadership in a developing country's restaurants: The role of job embeddedness and career stage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the relationship between paternalistic leadership and employee creativity in the tourism and hospitality industry, considering the mediating role of job embeddedness and the moderating role of career stage based on Social Exchange Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory. A paired survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to evaluate the research variables targeting managers and chefs of restaurants in a developing country. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling has been used. Findings demonstrate that job embeddedness has a positive effect on creativity as well as a mediating role between moral and benevolence leadership and creativity. Moreover, employees' career stage is positively linked to job embeddedness and creativity. This study contributes to the existing literature by studying the role that job embeddedness and career path play on employee creativity. Thus, reflecting on how the tourism and hospitality industry can be more innovative, considering the specific sociocultural features given that the study is conducted in a tourist city in a developing country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".