Public Healthcare and the Limits to a Canadian-Style Inclusive Trade Agenda
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the key tenets of the Progressive Trade Policy agenda (PTA), set forth in the Canadian government’s Report of the Standing Committee on International Trade on the Trans-Pacific Partnership, was the safeguarding of the national government’s rights to regulate in the area of public services, including health services. However, the extent to which such an agenda protects public health care provision is far from certain. While the internationalization of health services has the potential to increase the supply of health services worldwide, a lack of global governance mechanisms to protect the health, and failure to take into account the risks to public health of the internationalization of health services may be highly detrimental to the health of trading nations. This paper draws on theoretical and empirical insights from both health policy research and international political science to analyze the potential effects of further trade openness on public healthcare provision in Canada and the UK.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".