Catalyst-proximal plastrons enhance activity and selectivity of carbon dioxide electroreduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) is an attractive approach toward converting CO2 to solar fuels. Novel catalyst chemistries and morphologies may provide high selectivity to both one-carbon (C1) and two-carbon (C2) products over hydrogen; however, the limited aqueous solubility of CO2 restricts the CO2RR current density. Here, we demonstrate how gasphilic bubble-trap surfaces enhance mass transfer and enrich and maintain CO2 concentration during CO2RR by forming a catalyst-proximal plastron layer, consequently increasing the CO2RR activity on both smooth and nanostructured copper as compared to the conventional headspace or bubbling modes of CO2 delivery. The H2 Faradaic efficiency is suppressed from 33% to 13% on smooth copper and from 62% to 33% on nanostructured copper, accompanied by enhanced formation of C2+ products, including ethylene, propanol, and ethanol, and >1% acetone and acetate. We highlight the importance of the catalyst-proximal plastron approach by comparing against recent aqueous-phase CO2RR studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".