Compliance & Enforcement in International Law: Achieving Global Uniformity in Aviation Safety
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SAFETY3. What has been the level of national compliance with and implementation of such laws and standards?4. What means have been employed, unilaterally and multilaterally, by which compliance has been monitored and encouraged or sanctions for noncompliance imposed?Any chronological review of the development of international aviation law must begin with the "Constitution" of international civil aviation, the Chicago Convention of 1944 (Chicago Convention).'°This multilateral agreement created the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)" and gave it quasi-legislative authority to promulgate standards and recommended practices (SARPs) as Annexes to the Chicago Convention. 2These standards are arguably binding upon member states that fail to notify ICAO of the differences in their domestic
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.076 | 0.056 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.017 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".