Thermo-mechanical behavior of a full-scale energy pile equipped with a spiral pipe configuration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the thermo-mechanical behavior of energy piles equipped with a spiral pipe configuration. The analysis is based on the results of a full-scale energy pile as well as three-dimensional thermo-mechanical finite element analyses. The thermo-mechanical behavior of two energy piles with five U-shaped pipes connected in series and parallel, characterized by the same total length of the piping network, is also analyzed numerically for comparison purposes. The results of this work highlight that energy piles equipped with a spiral pipe configuration are characterized by the lowest trends of average temperature variation and thermally induced vertical stress within their volume, as compared to energy piles equipped with five U-shaped pipe configurations connected in series or parallel. Considerable variations in temperature and thermally induced vertical stress arise in the vicinity of the piping network embedded in all of the considered energy piles. Nevertheless, energy piles equipped with a spiral pipe configuration appear the best solution for practical applications in comparison with U-shaped pipe configurations of the same total length, because they maximize the heat exchange that is achieved with the ground and minimize the associated thermally induced variations of their mechanical response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".