Exploring Patterns of Environmental Injustice in Ambient Air Pollutant Levels in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research in major Canadian cities has demonstrated that regions characterized by socioeconomic deprivation tend to have higher levels of ambient air pollution. However, the distribution of the burden of air pollution across rural BC has not been thoroughly investigated, even in areas with major industrial polluters. This project used data from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (CANUE) to explore the association between PM2.5 and NO2 levels and measures of deprivation in rural BC. Preliminary analysis using logistic regression models suggests that in the South Interior region of BC, postal code regions with the highest deprivation scores are 2.45 times more likely to have a PM2.5 level above the regional mean (CI: 2.20-2.74) compared to postal codes with the lowest deprivation scores. This preliminary analysis supports the idea that there are inequities in the distribution of ambient air pollutants in both rural and urban regions of the province.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".