ALMA Observations of the Asymmetric Dust Disk around DM Tau
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report an analysis of the dust disk around DM Tau, newly observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 1.3 mm. The ALMA observations with high sensitivity (8.4 μJy beam–1) and high angular resolution (35 mas, 5.1 au) detect two asymmetries on the ring at r ∼ 20 au. They could be two vortices in early evolution, the destruction of a large-scale vortex, or double continuum emission peaks with different dust sizes. We also found millimeter emissions with ∼50 μJy (a lower-limit dust mass of 0.3 M Moon) inside the 3 au ring. To characterize these emissions, we modeled the spectral energy distribution (SED) of DM Tau using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. We found that an additional ring at r = 1 au could explain both the DM Tau SED and the central point source. The disk midplane temperature at the 1 au ring calculated in our modeling is less than the typical water sublimation temperature of 150 K, prompting the possibility of forming small icy planets there.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".