New discoveries of Vertical Series and Foothills Abstract rock art at Writing-on-Stone, DgOv-2, southern Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park and the surrounding region is home to one of the largest collections of rock art on the Great Plains. The painted and carved rock art images have been classified as overwhelmingly belonging to the established Plains Biographic and Plains Ceremonial traditions. Images associated with two lesser known Plains traditions, Vertical Series and Foothills Abstract, have not been previously reported anywhere within the greater Writing-on-Stone region. This paper reports on the discovery of several unambiguous instances of Vertical Series and Foothills Abstract rock art at a site located in the heart of the Writing-on-Stone rock art complex. These panels are illustrated and described, possible age and affiliation are discussed, and the placement of this discovery within the Vertical Series and Foothills Abstract traditions is addressed. It is argued that more instances of these poorly known rock art traditions exist within the Writing-on-Stone region but have previously defied recognition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".