Strategic determinants of performance of family businesses in the USA and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The research explores the relationship among accounting-based performance indices measured in terms of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and return on investment (ROI), and market-based performance indices, Tobin's Q, market value, and sales growth in the USA and Canadian family-based businesses. Through the traditional OLS regression analysis, it was confirmed that the firm size, advertising intensity, capital intensity, current ratio, labour productivity, and the firm's age are most likely to have a significant and positive impact on marketing performance indices. Additionally, strategic factors like firm size, capital intensity, current ratio, and labour productivity are statistically significant in determining accounting-based performance measure while R&D intensity (except ROA and ROE), debt leverage, and firm's age are not statistically significant in indicating its accounting performance. The results have a broad implication for managers in family businesses to build a competitive advantage for their organisation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".