Cognitive control of orofacial and vocal responses in the human frontal cortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The frontal cortical areas critical for human speech production, i.e. the ventrolateral frontal cortex (cytoarchitectonic areas 44 and 45; VLF) and the dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMF) comprising the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) and the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), exist in non-human primates and are implicated in cognitive vocal control functions. The present functional neuroimaging study seeks to define the basic roles of these VLF-DMF network regions in primate vocal production and how they might have been adapted for human speech. We demonstrate that area 44 and the MCC are respectively involved in the cognitive selection of orofacial, non-speech vocal and verbal responses, and the feedback-driven adaptation of these responses – roles that are likely preserved across primates. In contrast, area 45 and preSMA have roles that are specific to human speech: area 45 contributes to active verbal retrieval during learning, while preSMA is involved in processing verbal feedback during orofacial/vocal adaptations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".