Detection of Genetically Modified Protein in Soy-containing Foods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food is a highly public and controversial issue. We have used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the genetically modified protein 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase within soy-containing food products from the grocery store. We found that EPSP synthase is detectable in 3 out of 5 food products tested. Of specific interest, we found contamination levels of EPSP synthase (0.36%) in Heinz' Pablum Soya Cereal, which is currently deemed to be free of genetic modifications by the company as well as by Greenpeace Canada. These results demonstrate that genetically modified organisms are present in foods commonly available for human consumption and that the widespread use of this technology may make it difficult to ensure that any given product is free of all traces of genetically modified protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".