Apoptosis in Response to Anti-estrogens in MCF-7 Human Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is a highly regulated but not yet fully understood process by which selective gene expression leads to cell demise. The term apoptosis refers to the typical morphological changes observed with PCD. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of apoptosis as a mechanism by which anti-estrogens mediate tumor regression. Estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 human mammary adenocarcinoma cells were treated with three different estrogen antagonists: RU 58668, ICI 182,780, and 4OH-Tam, in order of increasing potency. At selected time intervals, for up to seven days of culture, the degree of apoptosis induced by the anti-estrogens was assessed. Apoptotic cells were scored on the basis of specific morphological criteria disernable by fluorescence microscopy. It was hypothesised that the more potent the anti-estrogen, the greater the number of apoptotic cells we would observe. However, only minimal apoptosis was noted even at the highest concentration of anti-estrogen assayed (10-5 M). This is in contrast to some, but not all, previous reports. Possible confounding factors are discussed and include the presence of exogenous estrogen in the culture media, as well as a genetic drift in the clonal lineage of MCF-7 cells such that a resistance to induced apoptosis had been acquired.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".