Severe Caffeine Intoxication Treated With Hemodialysis: A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caffeine is well known for its central nervous system-stimulating effect. Toxicity may occur following high-dose caffeine ingestions. We describe a case of caffeine intoxication secondary to reported ingestion of a large dose of caffeine (60,000 mg in tablet form) with an initial serum caffeine level of 608 μmol/L (known lethal serum level starting from 412 μmol/L). This case demonstrates the key clinical manifestations of caffeine intoxication and the effect of its associated massive adrenergic surge with neurologic symptoms, cardiovascular instability, metabolic abnormalities, and the significant risk of mortality. We highlight important kidney management considerations, including protective measures against electrolyte disturbances such as hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia, and the use of prolonged hemodialysis for caffeine elimination. We share our practical decision making and approach to dialysis discontinuation if serum caffeine level reporting is unavailable or delayed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".