Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presented review covers the space weather events that occurred in years 1998-2005 and includes descriptions of the solar, interplanetary and geomagnetic activity and many other parameters which describe space weather. These are presented through annual plots and short descriptions, which are useful for space weather scientists and forecasters to extract the main characteristics of the events. This provides information on the overall space weather activity: from their solar sources through the solar wind propagation to effects on the ground and in the near-earth environment. Annual plots are presented for each year showing the variation in sunspots, F10.7 flux, energetic protons and electrons on GOES, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind parameters extracted from ACE data, global geomagnetic indices, such as PC North, Kp and Dst, and local (Canadian) geomagnetic hourly range indices at polar, auroral and subauroral stations. Each annual review also contains detailed descriptions of the major space weather events of the year. These descriptions vary from year to year and include many interesting features, from description of space weather during ExtraVehicular Activities on ISS to satellite anomalies to geomagnetically induced currents in power grids over the globe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".