A muramidase from <i>Acremonium alcalophilum</i> hydrolyse peptidoglycan found in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluates peptidoglycan hydrolysis by a microbial muramidase from the fungus Acremonium alcalophilum in vitro and in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Peptidoglycan used for in vitro studies was derived from 5 gram-positive chicken gut isolate type strains. In vitro peptidoglycan hydrolysis was studied by three approaches: (a) helium ion microscopy to identify visual phenotypes of hydrolysis, (b) reducing end assay to quantify solubilization of peptidoglycan fragments, and (c) mass spectroscopy to estimate relative abundances of soluble substrates and reaction products. Visual effects of peptidoglycan hydrolysis could be observed by helium ion microscopy and the increase in abundance of soluble peptidoglycan due to hydrolysis was quantified by a reducing end assay. Mass spectroscopy confirmed the release of hydrolysis products and identified muropeptides from the five different peptidoglycan sources. Peptidoglycan hydrolysis in chicken crop, jejunum, and caecum samples was measured by quantifying the total and soluble muramic acid content. A significant increase in the proportion of the soluble muramic acid was observed in all three segments upon inclusion of the microbial muramidase in the diet.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".