Effect of Thermal Debinding Conditions on the Sintered Density of Low-Pressure Powder Injection Molded Iron Parts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-pressure powder injection molding (LPIM) is a cost-effective technology for producing intricate small metal parts at high, medium, and low production volumes in applications which, to date, have involved ceramics or spherical metal powders. Since the use of irregular metal powders represents a promising way to reduce overall production costs, this study aims to investigate the potential of manufacturing powder injection molded parts from irregular commercial iron powders using the LPIM approach. To this end, a low viscosity feedstock was injected into a rectangular mold cavity, thermally wick-debound using three different pre-sintering temperatures, and finally sintered using an identical sintering cycle. During debinding, an increase in pre-sintering temperature from 600 to 850 °C decreased the number of fine particles. This decreased the sintered density from 6.2 to 5.1 g/cm3, increased the average pore size from 9 to 14 μm, and decreased pore circularity from 67 to 59%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".