Low-Weight Polynomial Form Integers for Efficient Modular Multiplication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1999, Solinas introduced families of moduli called the generalized Mersenne numbers (GMNs), which are expressed in low-weight polynomial form, p=f(t), where t is limited to a power of 2. GMNs are very useful in elliptic curve cryptosystems over prime fields since modular reduction by a GMN requires only integer additions and subtractions. However, since there are not many GMNs and each GMN requires a dedicated implementation, GMNs are hardly useful for other cryptosystems. Here, we modify GMN by removing restriction on the choice of t and restricting the coefficients of f(t) to 0 and plusmn1. We call such families of moduli low-weight polynomial form integers (LWPFIs). We show an efficient modular multiplication method using LWPFI moduli. LWPFIs allow general implementation and there exist many LWPFI moduli. One may consider LWPFIs as a trade-off between general integers and GMNs
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".