Multiomics single-cell analysis of human pancreatic islets reveals novel cellular states in health and type 1 diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease of only partially defined etiology in which immune cells destroy insulin-producing beta cells. Using single-cell transcriptomics and an advanced analytical strategy to assess pancreatic islets of T1D, autoantibody-positive, and non-diabetic organ donors, we identified both canonical cell types and rare insulin-expressing cells with a hybrid mixture of endocrine and exocrine gene signatures within all donors. We further found elevated expression of MHC Class II pathway genes in exocrine ductal cells of T1D donors, which we confirmed through CyTOF, in situ imaging mass cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis. Taken together, our multimodal analyses identify novel cell types and processes that may contribute to T1D immunopathogenesis and provide new cellular and molecular insights into human pancreas function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".