Effect of thermal treatment on the structure and hardness of the laser powder bed-fused Ti-Zr-Nb shape memory alloy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A new biomedical Ti-18Zr-14Nb (at.%) alloy was processed using the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technology and subjected to post-fusion annealing in the 400 to 900 °C temperature range. The meltpool and grain structure features, the phase composition and hardness of samples fabricated using different laser energy densities and build rates, while having identical printed material densities, were analyzed. It was shown that the microstructure of the alloy differs depending on the printing parameters used. The higher the energy density, the coarser in size and the more elongated towards the build plate grains are formed during the process. Subsequent annealing results in the formation of different structures depending on the printing conditions, and the smaller the as-built grain size, the lower the onset temperature of recrystallization, which starts up to 100 °C lower for the finer grain structure than for the coarser grain structure of this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".