Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter analyses industrial workers as an occupational category, i.e. in their patterns of work on the shop floor, in their social environment, i.e. in terms of wages, living costs and housing, and in the context of the social and cultural associations that structured their leisure time pursuits. The materials presented in this chapter demonstrate that ‘industrial workers’ never comprised a fully unified social class with identical needs or desires. Some workers were beginning to aspire to the middle class. Others held on to Christian values and associations. Rivalries existed between coworkers over skills and status. Working-class women and men lived very different lives. And rural workers had little in common with those in the tenements of the metropolises. On top of these long-standing differences, the coming of new forms of mass culture also challenged workers’ loyalties to any singular identity. In all its early manifestations mass culture began to tap into commonalities within German society across class divides; it also began to offer a language of personal consumption and pleasure that reached across national borders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.056 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".