Impact of Profit Tax on Employment in the Private Non-agricultural Sector in Albania
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we will analyze the employment rate in Albania, how it has changed over the years starting after the 1990s. For research reasons we have detached to analyze the employment rate in the private non-agricultural sector. Based on an analysis made by the World Bank and many other official sources such as the Labor Force Survey, the International Labor Organization (ILO) and official data such as INSTAT, we have noticed that employment in the Albanian market has become a problematic issue over the years because the employment rate has decreased. What are the factors that affect the employment rate? Does the profit tax rate have an effect on employment or not? We used an econometric model, linear regression to see the interdependence between these two variables using official data from 1995-2018. We have studied this period of time until 2018 where the situation has been normal, not including the COVID 19 crisis, which is an unusual period that in our opinion should be treated separately.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it