Characterisation of resistance to ALS inhibitors in Chenopodium album (L.) populations in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Four Chenopodium album L. (common lambsquarters) populations, two susceptible (S) and two putative resistant (R) were screened for resistance to four post-emergent acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides using whole plant spraying and enzyme inhibition assays. Thifensulfuron-methyl (sulfonylurea), imazethapyr (imidazolinone), thiencarbazone-methyl (triazolinone) and pyrithiobac-sodium (pyrimidinylthiobenzoate) were all applied at varying doses. Above ground biomass and visible injury data were taken nine days after treatment. Resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl was confirmed in the two putative resistant populations and cross resistance was discovered to the three other classes of ALS inhibitors. ALS inhibition assay revealed 157- to 729-fold-resistance to thifensulfuron and up to 6930-fold to pyrithiobac, confirming resistance due to enzyme target site modification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".