Design and Fabrication of Ka-Band 50-W Class Solid-State Power Amplifier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a 50-W class solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) operating in the Ka-band for use in radar, seeker, and synthetic aperture radar applications. We first designed a unit high-power amplifier (HPA) module utilizing a 10-W class monolithic microwave integrated circuit based on GaN technology and then combined eight of these HPA modules to generate more than 50 W of output power. A waveguide radial combiner was developed to combine all the HPAs such that the insertion loss was minimized; the measured insertion loss of the waveguide radial combiner was less than −0.4 dB within the pass band. The SSPA is designed to operate at a maximum duty cycle of 20% in the pulsed mode and produces at least 75 W of output power at maximum duty with an efficiency of 12.3%, including a DC-DC converter and a drive amplifier module. CuW-based housing was introduced for the HPA modules to minimize the temperature of the bottom surface of the HPA, which was measured to reach 62.4 °C at most without the use of an additional cooling device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".