The “discordant doppelganger dilemma”: SGLT2i mimics therapeutic carbohydrate restriction - food choice first over pharma?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes is a global emergency threatening to take more lives (as a root cause of ill-health) than world wars, global infectious pandemics and terrorism combined [ 1 , 2 ]. The pharmaceutical industry has therefore recognised this as being a strong market and subsequently many lucrative therapies have been developed recently in the cardio-metabolic paradigm, such as the Sodium Glucose Co-Transport-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i). At the European Society of Cardiology Annual Conference in 2019, the results of the SGLT2i Dapagliflozin trial DAPA-HF were released with great expectations [ 3 ] The following year, the full results of EMPEROR-Reduced were presented at the ESC Congress 2020 and showed again that a relative risk reduction of 25% was possible in those with and without diabetes, this time with Empagliflozin [ 4 ]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".