Advances in peroxide‐initiated graft modification of thermoplastic biopolyesters by reactive extrusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report recent advances in the solvent‐free reactive extrusion of thermoplastic biopolyesters, in the presence of peroxide initiators and tri‐functional cross‐linking/ chain extending agents. The resulting compounds have improved processability and properties compared to the starting materials, including higher melt strength due to long‐chain branching, higher crystallinity, faster crystallization kinetics, and improved mechanical properties. We demonstrate that these strategies are effective in thermoplastic biopolyesters, such as poly(lactide) (PLA) and various poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), including poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and medium‐chain length PHAs. In addition to the improvements in properties, this approach has significant benefits in polymer processing operations, including blend compatibilization, and foaming. We also demonstrate that crosslinked PLA particles prepared by reactive extrusion using peroxide and a tri‐functional coagent, serve as very effective nucleating additives, resulting in crystallization half‐times as low as 1 min, and heat deflection temperature as high as 140°C. These modifications do not have adverse effects on the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of PLA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".