Neutral Wind Dynamics Preceding the STEVE Occurrence and Their Possible Preconditioning Role in STEVE Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) is a nightsky optical phenomenon of great research interest in recent years. Recent findings indicated that STEVE likely represents certain extremely intensified chemiluminescence airglow instead of traditional aurora. In this study, we investigate the patterns and variations of the neutral wind and temperature before the STEVE emergence using joint scanning Doppler imager (SDI 630 nm) and optical all‐sky imager (ASI) observations, and make an initial effort to explore the potential preconditioning role of neutral winds in the STEVE production. Neutral winds enhance in westward and southward directions following substorm auroral intensification, and show an equatorward propagating trend from auroral latitudes. However, in STEVE events the enhanced equatorward winds feature a steep stop/reversal at certain subauroral latitude, and strong wind convergence is developed there. This pattern sustains for ∼15–20 min, and then STEVE arises at about this stop latitude. The strength of the southward wind intensification and wind convergence is in general weaker or absent in nonSTEVE substorm events. We propose that enhanced equatorward winds may transport relevant neutrals species that are key to the STEVE airglow production to subauroral latitudes, and pile up at the stop latitude of the equatorward winds due to the strong convergence there. Such a transport/pileup effect led by the neutral winds may prepare a reservoir of neutral constituent which, when further aided by subauroral ion drift, leads to a dramatic increase of the airglow production and the STEVE occurrence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".