Effect of Unloading Direction on Rock Failure under True Triaxial Stress Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rock failures induced by excavation unloading in the direction of the minimum principal stress σ3 and the intermediate principal stress σ2 were numerically simulated and analyzed. The damage evolution process, the failure mode, and the failure mechanism under the two conditions were investigated. The results show that the unloading direction of the principal stress has a significant impact on the rock failure mode. Under the same triaxial stress level, when unloading σ3, rock failure is mainly caused by localized tensile-shear composite failure; when unloading σ2, rock failure is mainly caused by tensile buckling failure. When unloading σ3, the damage is mainly concentrated near the free surface; however, when unloading σ2, the damage range increases and develops toward the interior of the rock. The greater the intermediate principal stress is before unloading, the larger the number of splitting fractures and the magnitude of dilatation are, and the smaller the thickness of the splitting plate is. These results may shed light on the prevention and mitigation of rock instability in deep underground engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".