Demonstrating the Reliability of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire for Use With South African Offenders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the reliability and effectiveness of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ) for use with South African offenders. A total of 986 male offenders, with a mean age of 30.6 years ( SD = 9.83) and who were incarcerated in different correctional centers in South Africa, participated in the study. Approximately 75% of the participants were convicted of violent crimes. The Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient for the total SAQ was .92 and subscale coefficients varied between .32, which are consistent with previous international results. Most of the inter-subscale correlations are statistically significant and of moderate strength ( r = .4–.7) or small relationships ( r = .2–.4). With a single exception, all the items-subscale correlations were above .30 and consistent with the results of prior research conducted in Australia, Canada, England, Singapore, and the United States of America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".