Large Faraday effect and structural properties of heavily Tb3+-doped borogermanate glasses: a potential precursor of magneto-optical fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract New glass compositions containing high concentrations of Tb 3+ ions were developed aiming at the production of magneto-optical (MO) fibers. This work reports on the structural and MO properties of a new glass composition based on (100- x )(41GeO 2 -25B 2 O 3 -4Al 2 O 3 -10Na 2 O-20BaO) – x Tb 4 O 7 . Morphological analysis (HR-TEM) of the sample with the highest concentration of Tb 3+ ions confirmed the homogeneous distribution of Tb 3+ ions and the absence of nanoclusters. All the samples presented excellent thermal stability against crystallization (ΔT > 100 o C). An optical fiber was manufactured by a fiber drawing process. The UV-Vis spectra of the glasses showed Tb 3+ electronic transitions and optical windows varying from 0.4 to 1.6 µm. The magneto-optical properties and the paramagnetic behaviors of the glasses were investigated using Faraday rotation experiments. The Verdet constant (V B ) values were calculated at 500, 650, 880, 1050, 1330, and 1550 nm. The maximum V B values obtained at 650 and 1550 nm for the glass with x = 18 mol% were − 128 and − 17.6 rad T − 1 m − 1 , respectively. The V B values at 500 and 1550 nm for the optical fiber containing 8 mol% of Tb 4 O 7 were − 110.2 and − 9.5 rad T − 1 m − 1 , respectively, while the optical loss at around 880 nm was 6.4 dB m − 1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".