Etiology & Outcome of Acute kidney Injury in Intensive Care Unit Settings of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function occurring over few hours or days. In intensive care unit settings, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very prevalent condition as most of the patients who are admitted in intensive care units are critically ill. The incidence of acute kidney injury is increasing throughout the world mainly because of aging population and co morbidities which are associated with aging. In intensive care unit settings, the incidence of AKI may reach up to 67%. Though AKI effects depend on clinical situation yet associated with high morbidity and mortality. The rationale of this study is that, as acute kidney is one of major factors contributing in mortality and morbidity of ICU patients, this study will be helpful in identifying important risk factor for development of acute kidney injury in ICU settings, leading to its early detection and thus decreasing associated morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of etiology and outcome of acute kidney injury in medical intensive care unit of KRL Hospital. Setting: Medical ICU, KRL Hospital, Islamabad. Duration: six months from 17th May 2017 to 17th November 2017. Study design: Descriptive case series. Material and method: In this study 118 patients were observed. After screening and application of exclusion criteria, a total of 118 patients who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected as the study sample and were included in the final analysis regarding prevalence of risk factors associated with AKI and the outcome associated with AKI. AKI was further classified using acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification system. Patient age, gender, serum creatinine, etiology and outcome in form of recovery or mortality was recorded. Results: Overall incidence of AKI in ICU settings in this study was 37.8% (n=118). Out of 118 patients who had AKI, 59.3% (n=70) were male, whereas 40.7% (n=48) were females. Most common risk factor associated with development of AKI was sepsis secondary to infectious illnesses and 39% (n=46) of the patients who developed AKI were suffering from infectious illnesses. Gastrointestinal, drugs and cardiac causes constitutes the 32.2 % (n=38), 18.6% (n=22) and 10.2% (n=12) respectively of the AKI in ICU settings. In terms of outcome, mortality rate in patients with AKI was significantly higher as compared to patients without AKI(P =<0.001) and 56.8%(n=67) of the patients who had AKI died during their ICU stay as compared to 30.4%(n=59) in patients without AKI. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of etiology including infectious causes was 39%, cardiac pathology 10%, GI causes 32%, drugs was 19% and mortality was 56.8% in patients with acute kidney injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".