Valley-controlled transport in graphene <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>WSe</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> heterostructures under off-resonant polarized light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the electronic dispersion and transport properties of graphene/${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}$ heterostructures in the presence of a proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{v}$, sublattice potential $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, and an off-resonant circularly polarized light of frequency $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ that renormalizes $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ to ${\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}}_{\ensuremath{\eta}p}=\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}+\ensuremath{\eta}p{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ with $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and $p$ the valley and polarization indices, respectively, and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ the gap due to the off-resonant circularly polarized light. Using a low-energy Hamiltonian we find that the interplay between different perturbation terms leads to inverted spin-orbit coupled bands. At high $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ we study the band structure and dc transport using the Floquet theory and linear response formalism, respectively. We find that the inverted band structure transfers into the direct band one when the off-resonant light is present. The valley-Hall conductivity behaves as an even function of the Fermi energy in the presence and absence of this light. At ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ = ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{v}$ -- $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, a transition occurs from the valley-Hall phase to the anomalous Hall phase. In addition, the valley-Hall conductivity switches sign when the polarization of the off-resonant light changes. The valley polarization vanishes for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ = 0 but it is finite for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\ne}$ 0 and reflects the lifting of the valley degeneracy of the energy levels, for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}\ensuremath{\ne}0$, when the off-resonant light is present. The corresponding spin polarization, present for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ = 0, increases for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\ne}$ 0. Further, pure $K$ or ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ valley polarization is generated when ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}$ changes sign. Also, the charge Hall conductivity is finite for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}\ensuremath{\ne}0$ and changes sign when the handedness of the light polarization changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".