Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two beds containing large numbers of turritellid gastropods (Family Turritellidae) occurring in the densely fossiliferous Upper Pliocene Pinecrest Sand of Florida formed as a result of upwelling and consequent high biological productivity, together with some degree of physically mediated time averaging. Analyses of size-frequency distribution and shell surface condition, combined with isotopic data on chronological age of individual shells, water temperature and upwelling intensity, suggest that both beds formed relatively quickly, probably in less than 100–200 years. The upper bed, occurring within Petuch's (1982) unit 2 (2.5-2.0 Ma) and containing abundant Turritella apicalis Heilprin, appears to have formed largely as a result of upwelling; the lower bed, occurring in upper unit 6/7 (3.5-2.5 Ma) and containing abundant Turritella gladeensis Mansfield, appears to have formed over a longer period, as a result of upwelling, increased time-averaging, and perhaps cooler overall water temperatures. This study highlights the potential to isolate and examine separately some of the biological and physical factors affecting shell bed formation, and especially to address the role of biological productivity in this process. □Pinecrest Beds, Pliocene, upwelling, turritellid gastropods, taphonomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.988 | 0.988 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".