SND1 promotes Th1/17 immunity against chlamydial lung infection through enhancing dendritic cell function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To date, no reports have linked the multifunctional protein, staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1), to host defense against intracellular infections. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of SND1, by using SND1 knockout (SND1-/-) mice, in host defense against the lung infection of Chlamydia muridarum, an obligate intracellular bacterium. Our data showed that SND1-/- mice exhibited significantly greater body weight loss, higher organism growth, and more severe pathological changes compared with wild-type mice following the infection. Further analysis showed significantly reduced Chlamydia-specific Th1/17 immune responses in SND1-/- mice after infection. Interestingly, the dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from SND1-/- mice showed lower costimulatory molecules expression and IL-12 production, but higher IL-10 production compared with those from wild-type control mice. In the DC-T cell co-culture system, DCs isolated from SND1-/- infected mice showed significantly reduced ability to promote Chlamydia-specific IFN-γ producing Th1 cells but enhanced capacity to induce CD4+T cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells. Adoptive transfer of DCs isolated from SND1-/- mice, unlike those from wild-type control mice, failed to protect the recipients against challenge infection. These findings provide in vivo evidence that SND1 plays an important role in host defense against intracellular bacterial infection, and suggest that SND1 can promote Th1/17 immunity and inhibit the expansion of Treg cells through modulation of the function of DCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".