Multi-Band Multi-Beam Higher-Order Space Harmonics-Enabled Leaky-Wave Antennas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the concept and feasibility of using higher-order space harmonics (HSH) in the development of one-dimensional periodic leaky wave antennas (1D-periodic LWAs). A methodology for analyzing the behavior of the propagation constant ( βn) of HSH is presented by introducing two new concepts, namely safe zone area (SZA) and boundary region. They allow us to identify the number of beams and frequency bands to achieve multi-band and multi-beam antennas (MBMBAs). The proposed analysis methodology is experimentally validated by prototyping a dual-band multi-beam LWA (MBMB-L WA) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology where the n ε[-1, -2] space harmonics are utilized for achieving such a design. The measurement and simulation results show a good agreement with the theory and analysis of HSH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".