10.51847/J2_3L-B
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: to investigate intra-renal hemodynamic parameters and their relationship with the plasma level of neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods: 103 patients (45 men and 58 women) aged from 35 to 64 years (average age 55.5 ± 3.4 years) were examined, of which 55 (24 men, 31 women, average age 55.9 ± 3.5 years) were with stage II hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of moderate severity, subcompensated (group 1) and 48 (21 men, 27 women, average age 55,4 ± 3,3 years) were with stage II AH without concomitant T2DM (group 2).The control group included 25 apparently healthy individuals (average age 55.1 ± 3.1 years).All patients underwent routine clinical examination, determination of parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile; insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA-IR index.Using kits for enzyme immunoassay the concentration of renal dysfunction markers, cystatin C and neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), was measured in blood serum.Renal hemodynamic states were analyzed using B-type ultrasound and Doppler of the renal arteries.Results: The serum level of cystatin C when compared with the control group significantly increased in both groups of examined patients, reaching the highest values in comorbidity AH and T2DM-.In patients with AH and T2DM compared with patients without T2DM, there were higher levels of NGAL in serum.In patients with AH in combination with T2DM, a significant decrease in the end-diastolic velocity of arterial blood flow (Ved) was observed in comparison with patients with AH without T2DM.A substantial increase in the resistance index (RI) was revealed in patients of both groups in comparison with the control group.In addition, RI significantly increased in the group of patients with AH and T2DM compared with the group of patients with AH without T2DM.Conclusion: Among hypertensive patients at the stage of normoalbuminuria with preserved GFR NGAL and cystatin C were higher in T2DM compared with non-T2DM.This corresponded to an increase in the resistance of the renal vascular bed in patients of both groups more pronounced in comorbidity with AH and T2DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.786 | 0.707 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".