The Diagnostic Value of the Treadmill Exercise Test Combined with the Head Up Tilt Test for Diagnosing Vasovagal Syncope
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Increased adrenergic tone can be a trigger of orthostatic stress of vasovagal syncope (VVS). This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of treadmill exercise test (TET) combined with head up tilt test (HUTT) for VVS. Methods: A total of 73 patients with unexplained syncope or presyncope were enrolled. VVS was diagnosed in 57 patients according to the Calgary Score (≥-2). Initially, all patients were subjected to the first HUTT. Then, patients with negative response in HUTT would further received TET on the next day. At last, patients who remained getting negative response in TET would be subjected to the second HUTT within 10min after TET. The symptoms of syncope, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded during the tests. Results: Syncope or presyncope occurred in 34 patients in the first HUTT. The sensitivity and specificity of HUTT for Calgary score-based VVS were 56.1% and 87.5%, respectively. Then, another 14 patients in TET and 9 patients in the second HUTT experienced syncope or presyncope during the tests. The sensitivity of TET combined with HUTT for VVS significantly increased to 94.7%, with the specificity only slightly decreasing to 81.3%. No patients required anticholinergics injection to restore vital signs during the tests. Conclusion: The combination of TET with HUTT is an effective and safe diagnostic strategy for VVS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it