The variety and limits of dairy policies in a context of global market deregulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the 1980s, agricultural markets have been gradually deregulated. The milk sectors of the main dairy-exporting countries have not been shielded from these changes, which has led to a deeper global integration of dairy markets. However, a historical comparison of policies in the United States, New Zealand, the European Union, and Canada, from both a rural economy and regulationist perspective, reveals that a variety of institutional frameworks exist. For instance, Canada’s dairy sector continues to be highly regulated by public authorities, unlike in the case of New Zealand. Both countries, though, along with the United States, guarantee farmers a minimum share of the added value from processing, contrary to what is practiced in France. Market deregulation in the European Union has also brought about different national forms of competition. Based on the dairy sector, this analysis supports the idea of a great diversity of national forms of state and regulation, adapting to the global capitalist and neo-liberal regime. However, the latter generates major contradictions, disputing the sustainability of each of these forms of national regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".