Coordinated G&TEP and carbon capture and storage expansion planning model for emission constrained power systems
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fossil fuel‐fired power plants are still the principal power producers in most power systems. Retrofitting these pollutant generators with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can be a key solution to decarbonisation, especially for power systems with low expansion potential for renewable and hydroelectric energy resources. This study presents a coordinated generation and transmission expansion planning (G&TEP) and CCS expansion planning model for carbon emission constrained power systems. The proposed model determines the optimal order and time of retrofitting carbon emitter generators with CCS technology coordinated with the G&TEP. The limits on renewable resources capacity expansion potential and the yearly emission reduction targets are considered. Additionally, the proposed model allows for determining the incentives that are to be offered by the central planning authority to the pollutant generators to incentivise their participation in emission reduction through CCS retrofitting. The problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming model and is decomposed into a master and three subproblems to tackle the large‐scale nature of the developed optimisation problem. Numerical results demonstrate that a coordinated G&TEP and CCS expansion planning is a least‐cost planning solution for emission constrained power systems with low expansion capacity potential for renewable and hydroelectric resources.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it