A model to calculate the viscosity of silicate melts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Our recently developed model for the viscosity of borosilicate melts is extended to describe and predict the viscosities of melts containing alkali oxides. In addition to the two model parameters that are required for each B 2 O 3 – M O x melt, where M O x is a basic oxide, three more parameters are needed when M O x is an alkali oxide to account for the formation of clusters near the tetraborate composition. The additional parameters represent the size and Gibbs energy of formation of these clusters and their contribution to the activation energy of the viscous flow. A general algorithm for the calculation of the viscosity is presented which summarizes the application of the viscosity model to melts that can contain two network formers, SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 , any basic oxide and amphoteric oxides exhibiting the Charge Compensation Effect such as Al 2 O 3 . The predictive ability of the model is tested on all ternary subsystems of the B 2 O 3 –Na 2 O–K 2 O–CaO–MgO–PbO–ZnO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system containing both an alkali oxide and B 2 O 3 for which experimental data are available and on several multicomponent glass-forming melts around commercial glass compositions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".